ICSI, or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, is a cutting-edge technique where a single sperm is precisely injected into an egg (oocyte) using advanced microscopes.

This method is ideal if conventional fertilisation methods have failed or if there are concerns about sperm quality, such as low sperm count, poor motility, or abnormal sperm.

In some cases, sperm retrieved from the testis or epididymis using microsurgical techniques like MESA or TESE may be utilised to overcome these challenges.